The Open Web Application Security Project has practical guidelines for implementing a secure web site. The first item on their list of security concerns is validating requests.

A reasonable approach is to first validate all requests before performing any other processing. Such checks can include

• check for requests whose overall size is unreasonably large (some attacks send requests with large payloads, in an attempt to overload the server)
• check for unknown parameter names
• "sanity checks" for unreasonable parameter values, not expected during normal operation (for example, text of unreasonably large size, or a checkbox taking an unexpected value)

Early in processing, sanity checks on parameter values may be either complete or partial validations :

• complete - for example, items presented to the user in a static drop down list, under normal operation, will take only the values defined by the web application. Any other value constitutes an invalid request (almost always a hack) which may be given a short, unpolished response, perhaps in static HTML.
• partial - for example, a free form text area can be checked for size, but not for detailed content. As a second example, a business identifer can be checked for textual form, but validating it against the datastore is not appropriate at this early stage in processing

Checks on parameter values might be performed at two stages in processing - early sanity checks (as described above), and later "business" validations. For example, if an Age is typed into a text input control, the parameter value can be validated in two steps :

• first, validate the input can indeed build an Integer. This validation might be performed on the application's behalf by a framework which defines reasonable policies for converting text into an Integer, Date, BigDecimal, and so on.
• second, validate the Integer is, say, in the range 0..150. This sort of validation can only be performed by an application, not by a framework.

This two-step validation style is used in the WEB4J framework. In WEB4J, business validations are performed by a Model Object constructor.

Parse parameters into domain objects
A Web App Framework - WEB4J

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